영어 논문 쓰는 방법 (4) Discussion

Introduction이 general to specific 이라면 

Discussion은 specific to general 의 형태로 쓰는 것이 좋다. 

 

주의해야 할 점은 results 에 있는 내용을 Discussion에 다시 쓰면 안된다. 

 

 

strogest thing 을 먼저 쓰고 

suggest, impy, may 등의 약한 표현은 뒤에 쓰는 것이 좋다. 

 

Results

experiments

objective

 

Discussion

Highlighting

Successul 

 

 

1. Stating what you found

these tests revealed / showed / highlighted that...

Strong / some / no evidence of X was found...

Interestingly / Surprisingly / Unexpectedly, for high values of X, Y was found...

This result is significant only / exclusively at an X level. 

 

2. Stating what you did not find 

No significant difference / correltion was found / identified / revealed / detected / observed / highlighted between ... 

 

3. Highlighting significant results and achievements 

The most striking / remarkable result to emerge from the data is that ...

Interestingly / Curiously / Remarkably / Inexplicably, this correlation is related to ... 

Significantly / Importantly/ Critically, X is ... 

The most surprising / remarkable / intriguing correlation is with the ... 

It is interesting / critical / crucial / imporatant / fundamental to note that ... 

This result has further strengthened our confidence in X / conviction that X is / hypothesis that X is ... 

This finding confirms / points to / highlights / reinforces / validates the usefulness of X as a ... 

 

4. Stating that your results confirm previous evidence 

Our experiments confim / corroborate / are in line with / are consistent with previous results ... 

The values are varely / scarcely / hardely distinguishable from [] who ... 

This confirms / supports / lends support to / substantiates previous findings in the literature ... 

 

5. Stating that your results are in contrast with previous evidence

It was found that X whereas / on the other hand ~ found that ...

In contrast to / contradiction with earlier finding ~ , we ... 

This study has not confirmed previous research on X. However / Nevertheless / Despite this, it serves to ... 

Even though these results differ from some published / previous / ealier studies ~, they are consistent with those of ... 

Although our results differ slightly / to some extent / considerably from thos of ~ , it can / could nevertheless be argued that ... 

These finding refute / disprove / are in contradiction with /contrast with / significantly differ from previous results reported tn the ~. 

 

6. Stating and justifying the acceptability of your results 

As expected / anticipated / predicted / forecast / hypothesized, our experiments show / demonstrate / prove that ... 

Although / Even though / Despite the fact that there was some inconsistency ... 

No significant / substantial / appreciable / noteworthy differences were found ... 

Our findings appear to be well substantiated / supported by ... 

 

7. Expressing caution regarding the interpretation of results 

These results / data / findings thus need to be interpreted with caution / care / attention. 

However, due care / careful attention / extreme caution must be exercised / paid in ... 

 

8. Outlining undesired or unexpected results 

As was / might have been expected, our findings were often contradictory ... 

Contrary to expectations / Unlike other research carried out in this area, we did not find a significnat difference between ... 

Our results were disappointing / poor / inadequate / unsatisfactory / below expectations. However, ... 

Our study was unsuccessful / not successful in proving that ... 

Surprisingly / Unfortunately / Disappointingly / Regrettably, no signs of X were / evidence for X was found ... 

What is surprising / we were surprised to find / we are unable to account for is the fact that ... 

A substantial / appreciable / noticeable disagreement is evident. 

 

9. Admitting limitations (End of discussion)

We aware that our research may have two limitations. The first is ... The second is ... These limitations highlight / reveal / underline / are evidence of the difficulty of collectiong data on ... 

It is plausible that a number of limitations may / might / could have influenced the results obtained. 

First / To begin with ... An additional / Another possible source of error is ... 

Since / Given that / As the focus of the study was on X ... there is a possibility / there is some likehood / it is not inconceivable that dissimilar evaluations would have arisen if the focus had been on Y. 

The restricted use of X could account for / be the reason for / explain why ... 

There are several sources for / causes of / reasons for possible error. 

A major source of unreliability / uncertainty / contamination is in the method used to ... 

Unfortunately, it was not possible / we were unable to investigate the significant relationships of X and Y further because / due to the fact that Z is ... 

 

10. Explaining and justifying undesired or unexpected results 

It is very likely / probable / possible that participants may have erroneously ... and this may have led to / grought about changes in ... 

The reason for this rather contradictory results is still not entirely / completely clear, but ... 

These differences can be explained / justified / accounted for in part by ... 

It can thus be suggested / conceivably hypothesized / reasonably assumed that ... 

The unexpected thigh / low level of X is undoubtedly / certainly /without any doubt due to ... 

Another possible explanation / rationalization / reason for this is that ... 

 

11. Minimizing undesired or unexpected results 

Although performance was not ideal / perfect / optimal, we still / nevertheless believe that ... 

Our investigations so far have only been on a small scale / applied to ... 

Despite the limitations of this method, and consequently the poor results in test 2, our findings to nevertheless / in any case / however suggest that ... 

We failed / were not able / were unable to find a link between x and y, but this may / might depend on the methodology chosen for our research. 

 

12. Expressing opinions and probabilities 

To the best of our knowledge / As far as we know / We believe that no other authors have found that x=y.

It would seem/appear that ... 

Our findings would seem to show / demonstrate / suggest / imply that x=y.

In our opinition / view, this method could be used in ... 

We believe / feel strongly that ... 

There is evidence to suggest / support the hypothesis that ... 

It is proposed / This may mean / It seems likely / It may be assumend that ... 

 

13. Accouncing your conclusions and summarizing content (very last thigns) 

In conclusion / In summary / In sum / To sum up, our work ... 

Our work has led to conclude / the conclusion that ... 

We have presneted / outlined / described ... 

In this paper / study / review we have ... 

This paper has investigated / explained / given an account of ... 

 

14. Restating the results (Conclusion section)

This evidence from this study suggests / implies / points towards the idea  intimates that ... 

The results / findings of this study indicate / support the idea / suggest that ... 

In general, / Taken togeter, these results suggest / would seem to suggest that ... 

Am implication / A consequence / The upshot of this is the possibility that ... 

 

15. Highlighting achievements (Conclusion section) 

Our research / This paper has highlighted / stressed / underlined the importance of ...

We have managed to do / succeeded in doing / been able to do / found a way to do X. 

We have found an innovative / a new / a novel / a cutting-edge solution for ... 

We have obtained accurate / satisfactory / comprehensive results proving / demonstrating / showing that ... 

We have devised a methodology / procedure / stategy which ...